TY Chian, W Wei, E Ze, L Ren, Y Ping, NA Bakar, M Faizal, S Sivakumar

    The progress of the development of electric vehicles over the decades has been improving in a fast pace. After the outbreak of oil shortage and the impact of greenhouse gaseous released from the internal combustion engine vehicles to the environment in 1970s, society started to work on investigating the usage of environmentally friendly vehicle that uses alternate energy. Out of all the solutions, electric vehicle could be the answer to the challenges addressed. As battery serves a large part in the industry of electric vehicles, this review paper focuses on the recent progress of battery for electric vehicles. This review paper discussed about the oldest type of rechargeable battery, lead-acid battery to the recent commonly used battery, which is the latest technology of battery, lithiumion battery. The materials of battery components, battery parameters, battery pack design and cell design as well as the sustainable issue of batteries for lead-acid battery, nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH), ZEBRA battery and lithium ion battery (Li-ion) were descripted and examined in exquisite details. The future development of the batteries such as rechargeable magnesium battery and sodium ion battery were also evaluated.

Key words:Electric Vehicles; lead-acid battery; nickel-based battery; ZEBRA battery; Lithium based battery

DOI:10.1039/D1NA00214G

Date:2019-12-1